Track

Track is the direction an aircraft actually travels across the ground. It is normally expressed as a degree value referenced to magnetic or true north. Track differs from heading when wind causes the aircraft to crab into the wind to follow a desired path.

How it works

The aircraft's heading points the nose. The wind pushes the aircraft sideways or along the route. The resulting path over the ground is the track. A pilot can adjust heading to maintain a desired track, while the navigation system can calculate track from successive positions.

Track is also distinct from groundspeed. Track describes direction, while groundspeed describes the rate of movement over the ground. A flight can maintain one track while groundspeed changes as wind changes.

Example

An aircraft points its nose at 090° but has a wind from the north. The aircraft drifts south unless the pilot turns into the wind. After applying a crab angle, the aircraft may have a heading of 080° and a track of 090°.

Why it matters

Tracking a route requires monitoring both lateral position and the direction of travel. A heading that looks correct can still produce an unwanted track when wind is present. Pilots compare the planned course, heading, track, and bearing to detect drift and navigation errors.

The reference, magnetic variation, and equipment source matter. Follow the aircraft's approved navigation procedures and current chart information rather than relying on a generic track value.

Related terms and tools

• Groundspeed
• Bearing
• True airspeed